Elbow Anatomy, Injuries, & Treatment
It can be challenging for patients to fully understand the symptoms and difficulties they experience with elbow pain. To make things clearer, it helps to review elbow anatomy, common injuries, and available treatment options.
Elbow Anatomy
The elbow connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to two lower arm bones: the radius and ulna. It is a complex joint that allows both flexion and extension of the arm, as well as rotation of the forearm. Several important structures, including ligaments, tendons, and muscles, surround the joint.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) stabilize the joint, while the common flexor and extensor tendons, along with the biceps and triceps muscles, control motion. The bones of the elbow joint are covered with hyaline cartilage, which cushions the joint and allows smooth movement.
In addition, the synovial membrane lines the joint and produces synovial fluid to reduce friction. Common elbow injuries include fractures, dislocations, and ligament sprains. Depending on the injury’s severity, treatment may involve rest, physical therapy, or surgery.
Injuries
Most elbow injuries result from trauma. This may occur from a single, forceful incident such as a fall or from repetitive overuse over time. The elbow is especially sensitive to injury and does not tolerate extended immobilization. Because stiffness develops easily, it can help to enable gentle movement as early as possible, even after a serious injury.
Fractures
Fractures occur when significant force impacts the elbow, often from falling on an outstretched hand or directly striking the joint.
Radial Head Fractures – These fractures often result from falls on an outstretched hand. Most are treated with short-term immobilization, usually lasting a few days to two weeks, followed by early motion and physical therapy. Occasionally, surgery is required if the bone pieces are displaced.
Olecranon Fractures – This fracture involves the “tip” of the elbow and generally results from a direct blow. Because the bone often shifts out of position, surgical repair is almost always necessary.
Dislocations
Elbow dislocations typically occur after a fall that forces the elbow into hyperextension. Treatment usually involves relocating the joint under sedation, followed by brief immobilization in a hinged brace.
Afterward, movement begins gradually, extending the arm over several weeks under supervision from both the physician and physical therapist. Fortunately, these injuries usually heal well and rarely require surgery.
Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis
These common overuse conditions, known as “Tennis Elbow” and “Golfer’s Elbow,” result from chronic strain on the wrist’s extensor or flexor tendons. The pain occurs on the outside or inside of the elbow, especially when lifting or bending the wrist.
In the past, steroid injections were often used to manage symptoms. However, current research shows they offer no long-term benefit and may even damage the tendon. Surgery was once the next step, but now there are improved non-operative treatments available that provide safer and more effective results.
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
The biceps tendon attaches to the radial tuberosity just below the elbow joint. This tendon allows forearm rotation (turning the palm upward) and assists in elbow flexion.
A distal biceps rupture typically happens when a person resists a sudden force that straightens the elbow. Patients often feel a sharp “pop” followed by bruising on the inner forearm. These tears usually require surgical repair to restore strength. Non-surgical treatment is possible but may result in significant weakness during rotation and bending of the elbow.
Dr. Jones’s surgical technique for distal biceps repair has been widely viewed by other orthopedic surgeons for continuing education on Orthobullets, a respected professional platform.
Watch Dr. Jones performing distal biceps tendon tear repair
Arthritis and Loose Bodies
Elbow arthritis or loose bodies often develop after previous fractures or dislocations. Most arthritic elbows remain painless unless motion becomes restricted. However, loose bodies may cause locking and sharp pain within the joint.
In such cases, elbow arthroscopy is typically recommended. This minimally invasive procedure uses small incisions to insert a camera and surgical instruments into the joint. Through this approach, Dr. Jones can remove loose fragments, smooth arthritic surfaces, and restore movement. Recovery after arthroscopy is usually quick and predictable.
Comprehensive Elbow Care
The elbow is a delicate system of bones, ligaments, cartilage, and fluid. Both repetitive wear and traumatic injuries can disrupt its function. Dr. Jones, an experienced orthopedic surgeon in Colorado Springs, applies years of surgical and medical expertise to help patients return to active, healthy lifestyles.
Among the many elbow injuries he treats are:
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)
Fractures and Dislocations
Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures
Elbow Treatments
Non-Surgical Treatments
Conservative care may include rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medication, or gentle stretching and strengthening. When symptoms persist, Dr. Jones may recommend physical therapy. In select cases, cortisone injections may be considered for short-term relief.
Surgical Treatments
When non-operative measures are unsuccessful, Dr. Jones discusses surgical options tailored to the individual’s needs. To learn more about specific elbow conditions and procedures, visit the Injuries page for additional details.
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Our Location
Dr. Christopher K. Jones, MD
4110 Briargate Parkway #300
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80920
Hours
Monday: 9am-5pm
Thursday 9am-5pm
Friday 9am-5pm
